During the 1970s, a group at IBM's San Jose research center developed a database system "System R" based upon Codd's model. Structured English Query Language ("SEQUEL") was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in System R. The acronym SEQUEL was later condensed to SQL due to a trademark dispute (the word 'SEQUEL' was held as a trade mark by the Hawker-Siddeley aircraft company of the UK). It should be noted that although SQL was influenced by Dr. Codd's work, it was not designed by Dr. Codd himself; the SEQUEL language design was due to Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce at IBM.[1], and their concepts were published to increase interest in SQL.